{"id":3220,"date":"2026-03-20T13:30:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T13:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/top-10-best-structural-engineer-in-hanoi\/"},"modified":"2026-03-20T13:30:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T13:30:50","slug":"top-10-best-structural-engineer-in-hanoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/top-10-best-structural-engineer-in-hanoi\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 10 Best Structural Engineer in Hanoi (Verified &#038; Reviewed Guide)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hiring a Structural Engineer in Hanoi is a high-stakes decision, whether you\u2019re planning a new build, renovating a townhouse, assessing cracks and settlement, or reviewing a contractor\u2019s structural drawings before construction starts. With Hanoi\u2019s dense urban fabric and a mix of older housing stock and rapid new development, structural advice is often the difference between a smooth project and costly rework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide explains what a Structural Engineer does, when you should bring one in, what costs typically look like, and how to compare providers in a practical way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The firms below were selected using publicly available signals where known (such as visible project portfolios, organizational credibility, and clarity of service offering). Where a detail isn\u2019t reliably public, it\u2019s marked <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong> rather than guessed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Structural Engineer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>Structural Engineer<\/strong> designs and checks the \u201cskeleton\u201d of a building or structure\u2014foundations, columns, beams, slabs, walls, and load paths\u2014so it can safely carry weight and resist forces such as wind and vibration. They also review structural drawings, propose strengthening solutions, and help ensure construction matches the approved structural intent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What they do (in practical terms)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Structural engineers commonly support:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>New builds<\/strong>: structural concept, calculations, drawings, coordination with architects and MEP teams  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Renovations and extensions<\/strong>: removing walls, adding floors, rooftop additions, changing stair layouts  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Structural inspections<\/strong>: investigating cracks, deflection, corrosion, water damage, settlement  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Retrofits\/strengthening<\/strong>: underpinning, jacketing columns, adding shear walls\/steel frames  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Construction support<\/strong>: responding to site queries, reviewing shop drawings, inspections (varies by contract)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When someone needs them<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll typically need a Structural Engineer in Hanoi when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You see <strong>new or widening cracks<\/strong>, sloping floors, or doors\/windows sticking<\/li>\n<li>You plan to <strong>alter load-bearing elements<\/strong> (knock-throughs, stair moves, added floors)<\/li>\n<li>Your project requires <strong>structural design documents<\/strong> for permitting\/approval (process varies)<\/li>\n<li>You want a <strong>third-party structural review<\/strong> before signing off drawings or starting construction<\/li>\n<li>You\u2019re buying or leasing a property and want a <strong>structural condition assessment<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Average cost in Hanoi (what\u2019s realistic to expect)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Exact pricing is <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong> across the market and depends heavily on scope. In practice, homeowners and developers usually see one of these pricing models:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fixed fee<\/strong> for a site visit + brief findings (common for small issues)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scope-based proposal<\/strong> for inspection + calculations + written report<\/li>\n<li><strong>Project-based design fee<\/strong> for full structural design, often tied to size\/complexity and deliverables<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A reasonable budgeting expectation is that costs can range from <strong>a relatively small fixed fee for a single inspection<\/strong> up to <strong>significant project-based fees for full structural design and ongoing site support<\/strong>. The only accurate number is the one you receive after a scope definition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Licensing or certifications required (if applicable)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vietnam\u2019s construction sector typically requires relevant <strong>practicing certificates<\/strong> for professional construction activities (commonly referred to as <em>ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/em>) for qualified individuals undertaking design\/verification roles, depending on project type and grade. Requirements can vary by the nature of work and applicable regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A Structural Engineer focuses on safety, load capacity, and constructability\u2014not aesthetics.  <\/li>\n<li>Bring them in <strong>before<\/strong> demolition, wall removals, or adding floors.  <\/li>\n<li>Pricing in Hanoi <strong>varies \/ depends<\/strong> on deliverables, urgency, and project complexity.  <\/li>\n<li>Ask who will sign\/lead the work and what certifications are held (where required).  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How We Selected the Best Structural Engineer in Hanoi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We used a practical, buyer-focused set of criteria designed for real projects\u2014not marketing claims:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Years of experience<\/strong>: organizational track record and depth of technical capability (where known)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Verified customer review signals (publicly available only)<\/strong>: credible, checkable reputation signals when available; otherwise <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Service range<\/strong>: inspection, design, retrofit, peer review, construction support<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pricing transparency<\/strong>: whether they explain scope, deliverables, and assumptions clearly<\/li>\n<li><strong>Local reputation<\/strong>: recognizability in Vietnam\u2019s construction and consulting ecosystem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Only publicly available information was used when known. Where details such as ratings, direct contact emails, or review summaries couldn\u2019t be confirmed reliably, they are listed as <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Hanoi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanoi is Vietnam\u2019s capital and a major hub for government, education, and commercial development. The built environment ranges from older tube houses and French-era structures to high-rise residential and large public infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demand for Structural Engineer services in Hanoi is driven by renovation activity, densification, and the need to manage issues that often emerge in urban conditions (for example, differential settlement and construction impacts on adjacent properties\u2014project-dependent).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key neighborhoods and districts commonly served<\/strong> include: Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm, Ba \u0110\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, C\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea5y, Thanh Xu\u00e2n, Long Bi\u00ean, Ho\u00e0ng Mai, H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng, Nam T\u1eeb Li\u00eam, and B\u1eafc T\u1eeb Li\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Top 5 Best Structural Engineer in Hanoi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#1 \u2014 Vietnam National Construction Consultants Corporation (VNCC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rating: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Years of Experience: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Services Offered: Construction consultancy; structural and multidisciplinary design coordination (project-dependent); engineering review (varies \/ depends); project management support (varies \/ depends)<\/li>\n<li>Price Range: Varies \/ depends<\/li>\n<li>Contact Phone: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Contact Email (if available): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Website (if available): https:\/\/vncc.vn\/<\/li>\n<li>Google Map or ProfessNow or Yelp Link  (Leave it blank)<\/li>\n<li>Google Reviews Summary (summarized, not copied; if unknown write &#8220;Not publicly stated&#8221;): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Best For (Budget \/ Emergency \/ Premium \/ Family-Friendly \/ etc.): Large, multi-discipline projects requiring established consultancy capacity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#2 \u2014 Transport Engineering Design Incorporated (TEDI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rating: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Years of Experience: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Services Offered: Engineering consultancy for transport and infrastructure (project-dependent); structural engineering for bridges and transport structures (varies \/ depends); design documentation and technical coordination (varies \/ depends)<\/li>\n<li>Price Range: Varies \/ depends<\/li>\n<li>Contact Phone: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Contact Email (if available): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Website (if available): https:\/\/tedi.vn\/<\/li>\n<li>Google Map or ProfessNow or Yelp Link  (Leave it blank)<\/li>\n<li>Google Reviews Summary (summarized, not copied; if unknown write &#8220;Not publicly stated&#8221;): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Best For (Budget \/ Emergency \/ Premium \/ Family-Friendly \/ etc.): Infrastructure-heavy scopes (especially transport-related structures)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#3 \u2014 National Agency for Construction Engineering Consultancy (NAGECC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rating: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Years of Experience: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Services Offered: Construction engineering consultancy (varies \/ depends); structural design and verification support (project-dependent); technical studies and project consulting (varies \/ depends)<\/li>\n<li>Price Range: Varies \/ depends<\/li>\n<li>Contact Phone: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Contact Email (if available): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Website (if available): https:\/\/nagecc.com.vn\/<\/li>\n<li>Google Map or ProfessNow or Yelp Link  (Leave it blank)<\/li>\n<li>Google Reviews Summary (summarized, not copied; if unknown write &#8220;Not publicly stated&#8221;): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Best For (Budget \/ Emergency \/ Premium \/ Family-Friendly \/ etc.): Organizations needing formal consultancy deliverables and engineering documentation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#4 \u2014 FECON (Foundation Engineering and Underground Construction)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rating: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Years of Experience: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Services Offered: Geotechnical and foundation-related engineering services (project-dependent); underground construction expertise (varies \/ depends); investigation\/testing and engineering solutions tied to substructure risks (scope-specific)<\/li>\n<li>Price Range: Varies \/ depends<\/li>\n<li>Contact Phone: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Contact Email (if available): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Website (if available): https:\/\/fecon.com.vn\/<\/li>\n<li>Google Map or ProfessNow or Yelp Link  (Leave it blank)<\/li>\n<li>Google Reviews Summary (summarized, not copied; if unknown write &#8220;Not publicly stated&#8221;): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Best For (Budget \/ Emergency \/ Premium \/ Family-Friendly \/ etc.): Projects where ground conditions, foundations, basements, or settlement risk are key concerns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#5 \u2014 Arup (Vietnam)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rating: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Years of Experience: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Services Offered: Structural engineering and multidisciplinary building engineering (varies \/ depends); peer review and performance-based design (project-dependent); coordination across complex building systems (scope-specific)<\/li>\n<li>Price Range: Varies \/ depends<\/li>\n<li>Contact Phone: Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Contact Email (if available): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Website (if available): https:\/\/www.arup.com\/<\/li>\n<li>Google Map or ProfessNow or Yelp Link  (Leave it blank)<\/li>\n<li>Google Reviews Summary (summarized, not copied; if unknown write &#8220;Not publicly stated&#8221;): Not publicly stated<\/li>\n<li>Best For (Budget \/ Emergency \/ Premium \/ Family-Friendly \/ etc.): Complex, premium, design-led projects needing advanced engineering coordination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparison Table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Professional<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">Rating<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: right;\">Experience<\/th>\n<th>Price Range<\/th>\n<th>Best For<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Vietnam National Construction Consultants Corporation (VNCC)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td>Varies \/ depends<\/td>\n<td>Large, multi-discipline consultancy needs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transport Engineering Design Incorporated (TEDI)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td>Varies \/ depends<\/td>\n<td>Transport\/infrastructure structures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>National Agency for Construction Engineering Consultancy (NAGECC)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td>Varies \/ depends<\/td>\n<td>Formal engineering documentation &amp; consulting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FECON (Foundation Engineering and Underground Construction)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td>Varies \/ depends<\/td>\n<td>Foundations, basements, geotechnical risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arup (Vietnam)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">Not publicly stated<\/td>\n<td>Varies \/ depends<\/td>\n<td>Complex, premium, performance-led projects<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cost of Hiring a Structural Engineer in Hanoi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pricing for a Structural Engineer in Hanoi is usually <strong>scope-led<\/strong>, not \u201cone price fits all.\u201d If you only need a short inspection and verbal guidance, the fee can be much lower than a full package including calculations, drawings, and coordination through construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Average price range:<\/strong> Not publicly stated in a standardized way. Typical engagements fall into three practical buckets:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inspection-only<\/strong> (site visit + observations): often quoted as a fixed fee (varies \/ depends)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inspection + written report<\/strong> (photos, findings, recommendations): priced by time and deliverable depth<\/li>\n<li><strong>Full structural design \/ retrofit design<\/strong>: priced as a project proposal based on area, system, and documentation needs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Emergency pricing:<\/strong> Some providers may offer fast-response visits, but 24\/7 availability is <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong> for most firms. Expect urgent scheduling to affect price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What affects cost most<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Size and type of structure (townhouse vs. mid-rise vs. industrial)<\/li>\n<li>Deliverables required (verbal advice vs. signed calculations, drawings, and report)<\/li>\n<li>Site accessibility and inspection constraints (occupied building, ceiling access, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Need for testing\/investigation (material testing, survey, geotechnical inputs)<\/li>\n<li>Timeline (standard vs. expedited)<\/li>\n<li>Scope changes during renovation (common when hidden conditions are discovered)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much does a Structural Engineer cost in Hanoi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Costs are <strong>Varies \/ depends<\/strong> on whether you need a site visit, a written report, or full design drawings and calculations. Market-wide average figures are <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong>, so request a written scope and fee proposal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to choose the best Structural Engineer in Hanoi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Start with scope clarity: inspection only, report, retrofit design, or full design. Then confirm relevant experience with similar building types, who leads\/signs the work, and what deliverables you\u2019ll receive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are licenses required in Hanoi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For many construction design\/verification activities, Vietnam typically requires appropriate practicing certificates (<em>ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/em>) for responsible individuals. Requirements vary by project type and grade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who offers 24\/7 service in Hanoi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>24\/7 structural engineering service is <strong>Not publicly stated<\/strong> for most providers. If you have an urgent safety concern, ask about same-day inspection availability and whether they can issue a short written safety note.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do I need a Structural Engineer for a house renovation in Hanoi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you plan to remove walls, widen openings, add floors, or modify stairs\u2014yes. Even small changes can affect load paths, especially in older townhouses and tightly built lots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a Structural Engineer help with cracks in walls?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. They can assess whether cracks are cosmetic or structural, identify likely causes (varies \/ depends), and recommend monitoring or strengthening. A site visit is usually the first step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What should I prepare before calling a Structural Engineer?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Have basic information ready: address\/district, building age (if known), number of floors, photos\/videos of the issue, renovation intent, and any existing drawings. This helps them quote accurately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long does a structural inspection take?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A simple visit can be completed quickly, while detailed assessments may require more time, follow-up measurements, or testing. Timing <strong>varies \/ depends<\/strong> on access and the complexity of symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What deliverables should I ask for?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ask for exactly what you need: a written report, marked-up drawings, calculations, retrofit details, and\/or site support. Make sure assumptions, limitations, and next steps are clearly stated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Recommendation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re a homeowner in Hanoi dealing with cracks, renovation changes, or a safety concern, prioritize a provider who can <strong>inspect on-site, explain findings clearly, and issue a written summary<\/strong> when needed\u2014scope clarity matters more than brand name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For large or complex projects (multi-discipline buildings, high coordination needs), consider established consultancies such as <strong>VNCC<\/strong> or <strong>Arup (Vietnam)<\/strong> (project-dependent). For infrastructure-leaning structural needs, <strong>TEDI<\/strong> is a strong starting point. If your risk is primarily below ground\u2014basements, settlement, foundations\u2014<strong>FECON<\/strong> is often the most relevant fit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Get Your Business Listed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re a Structural Engineer in Hanoi and want your business details added or updated, email <strong>contact@professnow.com<\/strong>. You can also registe &amp; Update yourself at https:\/\/professnow.com\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70,425],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hanoi","category-structural-engineer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3220"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3220\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/professnow.com\/profession\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}